ABSTRACT
Liver transplantation is considered the best method for the treatment of liver cirrhosis, but its clinical application is limited by the shortage of liver donors, high costs, and immunological rejection. In recent years, bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) has shown great prospects in the treatment of liver cirrhosis. Recent clinical studies have shown that BMSC therapy is a safe and effective treatment method for liver cirrhosis, but its mechanism remains unclear, and there are various treatment regimens. This article reviews the mechanism of BMSCs in the treatment of liver cirrhosis, route of BMSC delivery, indices for therapeutic effect evaluation, and dose of BMSCs.
ABSTRACT
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is rare in clinical practice and is difficult to diagnose in the early stage, and conventional treatment methods have unsatisfactory clinical effects. As a new research hotspot at present, immunotherapy has been proven to have a promising future in the treatment of a variety of cancers. At present, various immunotherapies, including immunological checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive immune cell therapy, and tumor vaccine therapy, have been applied in the clinical trials of BTC. This article briefly describes the current status and perspectives of immunotherapy in the treatment of BTC.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To observe the synthesis of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 protein and its mRNA expression in Kupffer cells (KCs) and evaluate the role of TLR 4 in liver injury to rats through alcohol-induced liver disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-eight Wistar rats were divided into two groups: ethanol-fed (group E) and control (group C). Group E rats were given ethanol at a dose of 5 - 12 g x kg(-1) x d(-1), while group C received dextrose. Animals from both groups were killed at 4 and 8 weeks. The KCs were isolated and synthesis of TLR 4 protein was determined by laser scanning confocal microscopy. TLR 4 mRNA expression in KCs was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. The levels of endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in plasma were determined. Changes in liver pathology were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Laser scanning confocal microscopy showed that the intensity of fluorescence of TLR 4 protein in group E was stronger than group C. Ethanol administration led to a significant increase in TLR 4 mRNA expression in group E compared with group C (P < 0.05). The concentrations of plasma endotoxin, TNF-alpha and IL-6 were higher in group E than in group C (P < 0.05). Liver sections from rats in group E demonstrated marked pathological changes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ethanol administration can lead to the synthesis of TLR 4 protein and its gene expression in KCs, indicating that TLR 4 may play a major role in the development of alcohol-induced liver injury.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Drosophila Proteins , Interleukin-6 , Blood , Kupffer Cells , Physiology , Lipopolysaccharide Receptors , Physiology , Liver Diseases, Alcoholic , Pathology , Membrane Glycoproteins , Genetics , Physiology , RNA, Messenger , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Cell Surface , Genetics , Physiology , Toll-Like Receptor 4 , Toll-Like Receptors , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the safety of high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) for the treatment of implanted rabbit breast tumor.Methods:Forty New England rabbits were randomly divided into the following groups:HIFU treatment group(20),surgery group(10) and control group(10).HIFU ablation was performed at focal peak intensity 11500W/cm with a frequency of 1.6MHz in HIFU group.In surgery group all animals underwent lumpectomy.The animals in control group underwent pseudo-irradiation.The sonograms of target tumor were assessed before and immediately after HIFU ablation.The treated tumor was removed immediately after HIFU,and the lesion was measured by gross examination.Routine serum chemistry examination including hepatic,renal function tests,and serum electrolytes in all animals were performed before and at 1st,3rd,5th and 7th days after treatment.Also tumor metastases were observed after treatment.Results:The gray-scale of target tumors on ultrasound image was low before HIFU and increased immediately after HIFU irradiation.The hyperechoic location was the same as the lesion observed by gross observation.The necrotic lesion completely covered the tumor.No significant differences were observed in hepatic,renal function tests,and serum electrolytes before and after therapy in HIFU group.And these indices were not significantly different in HIFU treatment group,surgery group and control group,respectively.The metastatic rates of HIFU treatment group and surgery group were 20% and 30% respectively.They were significantly different from that of control group(100%,P
ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the value of intraoperative transcystic cholangiography(IOC) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC).Methods:IOC was conducted in 56 patients who underwent LC because of cholelithiasis with chronic or acute cholecystitis and biliary pancreatitis.The results were analyzed.Results:Cannulation was successfully completed in 54 out of 56 patients,and the success rate was 96.4%.All 54 patients underwent satisfactory visualization.The common bile duct stones were detected in 5 patients by IOC,and 2 of them were converted to common bile duct exploration and T-tube drainage by open cholecystectomy;3 of them were converted to common bile duct exploration and T-tube drainage by laparoscopic cholecystectomy.2 cases were found to have abnormal cystic duct by IOC,and 4 cases were detected for the biliary anatomy by IOC.The average time of IOC was about(15.5?3.7)minutes.No complication occurred.Conclusion:IOC is a safe and convenient procedure with a high success rate,and it can provide clear films of biliary tree.The benefit of IOC is the detection of common bile duct and cystic duct stones and abnormal biliary anatomy.It can reduce the rate of retained common bile duct stones and bile duct injuries,and increase the early identification of bile duct injuries.Therefore IOC can improve quality and security of LC.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the perioperative treatment of intra-and extra-hepatic cholelithinsis in patients with liver cirrhosis . Methods The clinical data of intra-and extra-hepatic cholelithinsis in patients with liver cirrhosis in our hospital in resent 10 years was retrospectively analyzed. Results According to the preoperative examation, improving hepatic function(turn child class C to A or B), correcting the coagulation disturbance,decreasing portal vein pressure preoperatively,and proforming operation carefully to reduce bleeding,and giving support treatment and liver care treatment to improve the liver function further postoperatively etc were made.Fifteen cases remained stones, 5 cases appearred chronic liver failure,2 cases appearred kidney failure ,the other 69 cases recovered well. Conclusions If optimizing perioperative treatment is given, favorable effect might be obtained in intra-and extra-hepatic cholelithinsis in patients with liver cirrhosis.